Yoma, Chapter 4, Mishnah 4. In the previous mishnah we dealt with the fire pan - the vessel that held the coals - and with the way the coals were placed in it. Our mishnah expands on the features of that fire pan and lists the distinctions between the daily service and the service of Yom Kippur.
Scooping with silver and bringing in with gold:
Every day, when preparing the coals for the incense that was burned daily, they would scoop the coals with a fire pan of silver and pour them into a fire pan of gold. The golden pan was used to bring the coals in and set them down for the incense, but not for the scooping itself, because scooping wears away the metal - and it is better to wear away silver than to wear away gold.
On Yom Kippur, by contrast, the Kohen Gadol would scoop with a golden pan, and with that very same pan he would enter the Heichal and the Holy of Holies. They did not exchange a silver pan for a golden one; rather, they used the same pan with which the coals had been scooped.
The capacity of the fire pan:
Every day they would scoop coals with a pan that held four kabin and pour them into a pan that held only three kabin, and one kav would spill onto the floor. On Yom Kippur they would scoop with a pan of three kabin and bring the coals in with it, and they did not take a pan of four kabin in order to pour it into one of three.
Another opinion in the mishnah cites a slightly different measure for every day: they would scoop with a se'ah, which is six kabin, and pour it into a pan of three kabin, so that a full three kabin would spill onto the floor. According to this opinion too, on Yom Kippur they would scoop with three kabin and bring that very pan inside, as the first Tanna said; it differs only regarding the measure used every day.
The shape of the fire pan and its weight:
"Bechol yom hayesah keveidah, vehayom kalah" - on Yom Kippur the fire pan was made of a very thin layer of metal, and it was therefore lighter. This made it easier for the Kohen Gadol to handle it, and he did not feel undue strain given the many tasks he had to perform.
"Bechol yom hayesah yadah ketzarah, vehayom arukah" - the handle of the fire pan on Yom Kippur was long enough to fit under the arm of the Kohen Gadol, so that he could support it easily.
"Bechol yom hayah zehavah yarok, vehayom adom" - the gold used every day was yellowish, while on Yom Kippur it was reddish. "Divrei Rabbi Menachem" - this is the opinion of Rabbi Menachem.
The measure of the incense:
"Bechol yom makriv peras beshachar uferas bein ha'arbayim" - every day they would offer half the quantity each time: the full maneh weighed one hundred dinar, half of it was burned in the morning and half in the afternoon. "Vehayom mosif melo chofnav" - on Yom Kippur, in addition to the two halves that were burned then as well, they would add a further quantity designated for burning in the Holy of Holies: melo chofnav, a full handful.
"Bechol yom hayesah dakah, vehayom dakah min hadakah":
The daily incense was finely ground, while the incense of Yom Kippur was ground finer than fine. The source of this law lies in the wording of the verses: regarding the incense it says "veshachakta mimenah hadek" - that it must be ground fine; and regarding the incense of Yom Kippur it says "ketores samim dakah". Now, we are speaking of incense that is in any case ground fine, as we learned from the first verse, and from the fact that the Torah emphasizes on Yom Kippur that it be "dakah", we understand that it must be finer than fine - ground finer than usual.
In summary: this mishnah lists the distinctions between the daily service and the service of Yom Kippur with regard to the fire pan and the incense: scooping with gold rather than silver, and bringing the coals in with that very same pan; a pan of three kabin with no pouring over; a light pan with a long handle, and according to Rabbi Menachem red gold as well; and the addition of a full handful beyond the two halves, with incense that is finer than fine.